Estilo de citación IEEE

La forma correcta de citar es con corchetes y el número que corresponde a la referencia: [#].

Citación en el texto [1]

Citación en el texto de dos referencias seguidas [4], [5]

Citación en el texto de varias referencias continuas y separadas [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9]

Citación en el texto de una referencia con un autor: Smith [4] 

Citación en el texto de una referencia con dos autores: Brown y Jones [5]

Citación en el texto de una referencia con tres o más autores: Wood et al. [7]

Si se hace una cita textual se debe agregar de donde se tomó.

[3, Teorema 1]; [3, Lema 2]; [3, pp. 5–10]; [3, ec. (2)]; [3, Fig. 1]; [3, Apéndice I]; [3, Sec. 4.5];
[3, Cap. 2, pp. 5–10]; [3, Algoritmo 5], [3, p. 5], [3, Párr. 5]

Referencia

• En la referencia los números se alinean a la izquierda y forman una columna propia, sobresaliendo del cuerpo de la referencia encerrados entre corchetes. 
• En todas las referencias, el nombre de pila del autor o editor se abrevia a la inicial solamente y precede al apellido. 
• No utilice comas alrededor de Jr., Sr. y III en los nombres: Michael Smith Jr.; Ray Barnett Sr.; Lucas Molignaro III. 
• Se deben enumerar los nombres de todos los autores, hasta seis nombres. Si hay más de seis nombres utilice el nombre del autor principal seguido de "et al.". 
• Todas las referencias, excepto las que terminan con URLs, terminarán con un punto, incluidas las que tienen un DOI. Sin embargo, si una referencia contiene tanto un DOI o fecha de acceso, como una URL, el DOI o la fecha de acceso se colocarán primero, seguidos de un punto, y luego la URL.
• Todas las referencias deben incluir una fecha que comprenda al menos el año de publicación (o el año de la fecha de acceso, si corresponde). Si no se proporciona ninguna fecha, utilice la abreviatura "(s.f.)" en la misma posición donde normalmente se mostraría la fecha en la referencia, precedida y seguida de puntos.

Blogs

Examples:

• A. Weissberger, “FCC approves EchoStar/Dish request to extend timeline for its 5G buildout,” IEEE ComSoc Technol. Blog, Sep. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://techblog.comsoc.org/2024/09/23/fcc-approves-echostar-dish-request-to-extend-timeline-for-its-5g-buildout/

• M. Owens, “How two Cisco women leaned in and supercharged their careers,” Cisco Blogs, Jun. 23, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://blogs.cisco.com/diversity/how-two-cisco-women-leaned-in-and-supercharged-their-careers

Libros

Examples:

• B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

• Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Staff of Technology and Science, Aerospace Div.), Integrated Electronic Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

Libros en línea

• G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64. [Online]. Available: https://www.scirp.org

• The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014. Accessed: May 19, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.scribd.com/ document/322662319/Thz-zomega-ebook-pdf-1206-sr-pdf

• P. B. Kurland and R. Lerner, Eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987. Accessed: Feb. 28, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ 

Capítulo de libro

Examples:

• L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed., New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55–70.

• R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds., San Francisco, CA, USA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47–160.

• M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Applied Mathematics Series 55). Washington, DC, USA: NBS, 1964, pp. 32–33.

• E. F. Moore, “Gedanken-experiments on sequential machines,” in Automata Studies (Ann. of Math. Studies, no. 1), C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, Eds., Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 129–153.

• A. Histace, “Image restoration—Recent advances and applications,” in Super-Resolution Restoration and Image Reconstruction for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012, pp. 25–45.

• J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, X. Editor, Ed., xth ed. City of Publisher, State (only U.S.), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher (in Language), year, ch. x, sect. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

• K. Ichiro, Thai Economy and Railway 1885–1935, Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha (in Japanese), 2000.

• L. S. Pontryagin, V. G. Boltyanskii, R. V. Gamkrelidze, and E. F. Mishchenko, “The Maximum Principle,” in The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, Moscow, USSR: Izdatel'stvo Nauka (in Russian), 1961, ch. 1, sect. 3, pp. 17-20.

Basic Format (when referencing a translated publication):

• J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, trans. J. K. Translator. City of Publisher, State (only U.S.), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sect. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

• J.-L. Dessalles, Why We Talk: The Evolutionary Origins of Language, trans. James Grieve. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007.

• R. Menchú, Crossing Borders, trans. Ann Wright, Ed., New York, NY, USA: Verso, 1999.

• J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, X. Editor, Ed., City of Publisher, State (only U.S.), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sect. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

• T. Ogura, “Electronic government and surveillance-oriented society,” in Theorizing Surveillance: The Panopticon and Beyond. Cullompton, U.K.: Willan, 2006, ch. 13, pp. 270–295.

• L. Li, J. Yang, and C. Li, “Super-resolution restoration and image reconstruction for passive millimeter wave imaging,” in Image Restoration—Recent Advances and Applications, A. Histace, Ed., Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012, pp. 25–45.

Book With Editor(s)

• J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, X. Editor, Ed., City of Publisher, State (only U.S.), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

• X. Editor, Ed. Title of Published Book. City of Publisher, State (only U.S.), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year.

Examples:

• L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed., New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55–70.

• C. Bennett, “What happens when you book an airline ticket? The collection and processing of passenger data post-9/11,” in Global Surveillance and Policing: Borders, Security, Identity, E. Zureik and M. Salter, Eds., Cullompton, U.K.: Willan, 2005, pp. 113–138.

• W. R. Leonard and M. H. Crawford, Eds. Human Biology of Pastoral Populations. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.

Book With Series Title, Volume Title, and Edition

Examples:

• M. Feistauer, “Irrotational Incompressible Flow,” in Mathematical Methods in Fluid Dynamics (Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics Series, 67). Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1993, ch. 2, pp. 77-186.

• M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds. Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Applied Mathematics Series 55). Washington, DC, USA: NBS, 1964, pp. 32–33.

• E. F. Moore, “Gedanken-experiments on sequential machines,” in Automata Studies (Ann. of Math. Studies, no. 1), C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy, Eds., Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton Univ. Press, 1965, pp. 129–153.

Periodicals

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi: xxx.

Examples:

• M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, “Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

• M. Ito et al., “Can the application of amorphous oxide TFT be an electrophoretic display?,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, no. 19, pp. 2777–2782, Feb. 2008.

• R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.

• J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art no. 2600111.

• S. Preu, G.H.Döhler, S.Malzer, L.J.Wang, and A. C. Gossard,“Tunable continuous-wave terahertz photo mixer sources and applications,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 109, Mar. 2011, Art. no. 061301.

• S. Azodolmolky et al., Experimental demonstration of an impairment aware network planning and operation tool for transparent/translucent optical networks,” J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 439–448, Sep. 2011.

• H. Eriksson and P. E. Danielsson, “Two problems on Boolean memories,” IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 32–33, Jan. 1959.

• F. Aronowitz, “Theory of traveling-wave optical maser,” Phys. Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 8, 1965.

• Ye. V. Lavrova, “Geographic distribution of ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer,” Tr. IZMIRAN, vol. 19, no. 29, pp. 31–43, 1961 (Transl.: E. R. Hope, Directorate of Scientific Information Services, Defence Research Board of Canada, Rep. T384R, Apr. 1963).

• E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German), Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.

• E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., to be published.*** Always use this style when the paper has been accepted or scheduled for a future publication but has not been published as early access, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”***

• F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, and F. Babich, “More accurate analysis of sum-product decoding of LDPC codes using a Gaussian approximation,” IEEE Commun. Lett., early access, Dec. 11, 2018, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2886261. ***Always state if the article is early access and include its online version date and DOI. The DOI is essential as it will not change, though the date may.***

• C. K. Kim, “Effect of gamma rays on plasma,” submitted for publication. *** Always use this style when the paper has not yet been accepted or scheduled for publication, i.e., do not use “to appear in.”***

• W. Rafferty, “Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 636-640, May 1994.

• P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published, doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.

• T. Brunschwiler et al., “Formulation of percolating thermal underfills using hierarchical self-assembly of microparticles and nanoparticles by centrifugal forces and capillary bridging,” J. Microelectron. Electron. Packag., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 149–159, 2012, doi: 10.4071/imaps.357.

• L. T. Wu et al., “Real-time analytic sensitivity method for transient security assessment and prevent control,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., vol. 135, pt. C, pp. 107-117, Mar. 1988.
  ***Authors may refer to this journal as Proc. IEE, but the abbreviation must be as listed above. Proc. IEE is printed in the U.K. and must not be confused with the Proc. IEEE.***

• Special Issue on Artificial Neural Network Applications, Proc. IEEE, vol. 84, pp. 1353-1576, Oct. 1996.
  
  

Article Referred to in the Same Issue:

• R. U. Aslip, “Surface and leaky wave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl., vol. 30, no.1, pp. 545–546, Jan. 2000.

NOTE: Handle it exactly as any other reference with no difference. 

NOTE: Be aware that an article ID may erroneously be placed as page number in source files. If a page number looks “wrong” [e.g., there is only one long number, the range is not sequential, or there is a volume number with page range of 1–XX (with XX being a number)], this may be an indication that this is an article ID and the author should be queried.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, Abbrev. month, year, Art. no. xxx.

Examples:

• J. Zhang and N. Tansu, “Optical gain and laser characteristics of InGaN quantum wells on ternary InGaN substrates,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 5, no. 2, Apr. 2013, Art no. 2600111.

• R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.

• S. Preu, G. H. Döhler, S. Malzer, L. J. Wang, and A. C. Gossard, “Tunable continuous-wave terahertz photo mixer sources and applications,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 109, Mar. 2011, Art. no. 061301.

• L. Kuang et al., “A numerical method for analyzing electromagnetic scattering properties of a moving conducting object,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2014, 2014, Art. no. 386315, doi: 10.1155/2014/386315.

• X. Yang, W. Cao, Y. Lu, and Y. Zhou, “Hyperspectral image transformer classification networks,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 60, 2022, Art. no. 5528715, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2022.3171551.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. month, year, doi: xxx.

Example:

• M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, “Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

Periodical in Early Access

NOTE: Once an article is in the form of advanced online access at the publisher, cite this version, and not the arXiv version. The online access is the final version of record. Include the title of the journal, the date of record, and the doi. The doi is essential in the reference information, as this will not change.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical., Abbrev. month, year, doi: xxx.

Example:

• F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, and F. Babich, “More accurate analysis of sum-product decoding of LDPC codes using a Gaussian approximation,” IEEE Commun. Lett., early access, Dec. 11, 2018, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2886261. 

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” (in Language), Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, Abbrev. month, year, Art. no. xxx.

Examples:

• E. P. Wigner, “On a modification of the Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory,” (in German), Math. Naturwiss. Anz. Ungar. Akad. Wiss., vol. 53, p. 475, 1935.

• Y. V. Lavrova, “Geographic distribution of ionospheric disturbances in the F2 layer,” Tr. IZMIRAN, vol. 19, no. 29, pp. 31–43, 1961 (Transl.: E. R. Hope, Directorate of Scientific Information Services, Defence Research Board of Canada, Rep. T384R, Apr. 1963).

Basic Format:

Examples:

• W. P. Risk, G. S. Kino, and H. J. Shaw, “Fiber-optic frequency shifter using a surface acoustic wave incident at an oblique angle,” Opt. Lett., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 115–117, Feb. 1986. [Online]. Available: http://ol.osa.org/
  abstract.cfm?URI=ol-11-2-115

• P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published, doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142.

Basic Format:

• Name(s) of Ed(s)., “Title of Issue,” in Title of Journal, Abbrev. month year. [Online]. Available: URL

Examples:

• J. Smith, T. Jones, and B. Simpson, Eds., “IEEE Biometrics Compendium Issue 30 December 2017,” in IEEE Biometrics Compendium, Dec. 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/virtual-journals/biocomp/
  issue/30/

• T. Robertson, Ed., “RFIC Virtual Journal–Issue 6,” in IEEE RFIC Virtual Journal, Oct. 2014. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/virtual-journals/rfic/issue/6/

• “RFID Virtual Journal–Issue 10,” in IEEE RFID Virtual Journal, Nov. 2015. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/virtual-journals/rfid/issue/10/

Conference Paper (Paper Presented at a Conference)

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Abbrev. State, Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number.

Examples:

• D. Caratelli, M. C. Viganó, G. Toso, and P. Angeletti, “Analytical placement technique for sparse arrays,” presented at the 32nd ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 5–8, 2010.

• J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf. Med. Biol. Eng., Chicago, IL, USA, Nov. 9–12, 1989.

• G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents on short sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Dallas, TX, USA, Jun. 22–27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.

• J. Arrillaga and B. Giessner, “Limitation of short-circuit levels by means of HVDC links,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Jul. 12–17, 1990, Paper 70 CP 637. 

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., (location of conference is optional), (Month and day(s) if provided) year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:

• A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

• G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority reservation,” in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 3–8. *** If the year is given in the conference title, it may be omitted from the end of the reference as shown here.***

• S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers,” in Proc. 4th Annu. Allerton Conf. Circuit Syst. Theory, New York, NY, USA, 1994, pp. 8–16.

• W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial anisotropy,” in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-1–2.2-6.

• C. T. Meadow and D. W. Waugh, “Computer assisted interrogation,” in 1991 Fall Joint Comput. Conf., Proc. AFIPS Conf., vol. 29. Washington, DC, USA: Spartan, 1991, pp. 381–394.

• P. C. Parks, “Lyapunov redesign of model reference adaptive control systems,” in 1993 Joint Automatic Control Conf., Preprints, pp. 485–491.

• T. S. Hsia, “System identification,” in IEDM Tech. Dig., 1993, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 6–13.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx–xxx, doi: xxx.

Examples:

• G. Veruggio, “The EURON roboethics roadmap,” in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.

• J. Zhao, G. Sun, G. H. Loh, and Y. Xie, “Energy-efficient GPU design with reconfigurable in-package graphics memory,” in Proc. ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. Low Power Electron. Design (ISLPED), Jul. 2012, pp. 403–408, doi: 10.1145/2333660.2333752. 

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., X. Editor, Ed. (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:

• A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, Eds. Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

• D. B. Armstrong, G. J. Fogarty, and D. Dingsdag, “Scales measuring characteristics of small business information systems,” in Proc. Res., Relevance Rigour: Coming of Age: 18th Australasian Conf. Inf. Syst., W-G. Tan, Ed. 2007, pp. 163–171.

• P. Funes, B. Orme, and E. Bonabeau, “Evolving emergent group behaviors for simple human agents,” in Proc. 7th Eur. Conf. Artif. Life, P. Dittrich and J. T. Kim, Eds. Sep. 2003, pp. 76–89.

Conference Proceedings With Location

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City, State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

• L. S. Carmichael, N. Ghani, P. K. Rajan, K. O’Donoghue, and R. Holt, “Characterization and comparison of modern layer-2 Ethernet survivability protocols,” in Proc. 37th Southeastern Symp. Syst. Theory (SSST 2005), Tuskegee, AL, USA, Mar. 20–22, 2005, pp. 124–129.

• D. Sarkar and K. V. Srivastava, “SRR-loaded antipodal Vivaldi antenna for UWB applications with tunable notch function,” in Proc. Int. Symp. Electromagn. Theory, Hiroshima, Japan, 2013, pp. 466–469.

Conference Proceedings With Series Title, Volume Title, and Edition

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf. in Volume Title, in Series Title, ed., year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Example:

• A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., in Slot Ring Antennas II, vol. 3, 2nd ed., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author. (Date). Title. Presented at Abbreviated Conf. title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file

Examples:

• Process Software Corp., Framingham, MA, USA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productivity. Presented at INET’96 Annu. Meeting. [Online]. Available: http://www.process.com/
  Intranets/wp2.htp

• J. A. Taylor. (Nov. 2006). Assessment: A tool for development and engagement in the first year of university study. Presented at Engaging Students: 9th Pacific Rim in Higher Education (FYHE) Conf., Griffith, Australia. [Online]. Available: http://www.fyhe.com.au/past_papers/2006/Papers/Taylor.pdf

• V. Chandrasekaran, S. Sanghavi, P. A. Parrilo, and A. S. Willsky. (2009). Sparse and low-rank matrix decompositions. Presented at IFAC 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
  article/pii/S1474667016388632

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx-xxx. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Examples:

• T. Schubert, “Real challenges and solutions for validating system-on-chip high level formal verification of next-generation microprocessors,” in Proc. 40th Design Automat. Conf. (DAC’03), Jun. 2–6, 2003. [Online]. Available:https://www.dac.com/content/40th-dac

• J. Yanamadala et al., “Segmentation of the visible human project (VHP) female cryosection images within MATLAB environment,” in Proc. 23rd Int. Meshing Roundtable, London, U.K., Oct. 2014. [Online]. Available: https://feup.libguides.com/ieee/comunicacoes

Course

Basic Format:

Name of University. (Year). Title of course. [Online]. Available: URL

Example:

• Argosy University Online. (2012). Information literacy and communication. [Online]. Available: http://www.myeclassonline.com

Coursepack

Basic Format:

• J. K. Instructor. Title of coursepack. (Semester). Title of course. University/Publisher location: University/Publisher name.

Example:

• Q. Oden. Mud and Bones–Geology Coursepack. (2014, Winter). GEOG 042. Cranbrook, Canada: College of the Rockies

Datasets 

FORCE11 Data Citation Principles
IEEE follows the FORCE11 Data Citation Principles. These principles are as follows (per https://www.force11.org/datacitationprinciples):

1. Importance: Data should be considered legitimate, citable products of research. Data citations should be accorded the same importance in the scholarly record as citations of other research objects, such as publications.

2. Credit and Attribution: Data citations should facilitate giving scholarly credit and normative and legal attribution to all contributors to the data, recognizing that a single style or mechanism of attribution may not be applicable to all data.

3. Evidence: In scholarly literature, whenever and wherever a claim relies upon data, the corresponding data should be cited.

4. Unique Identification: A data citation should include a persistent method for identification that is machine actionable, globally unique, and widely used by a community.

5. Access: Data citations should facilitate access to the data themselves and to such associated metadata, documentation, code, and other materials, as are necessary for both humans and machines to make informed use of the referenced data.

6. Persistence: Unique identifiers, and metadata describing the data, and its disposition, should persist—even beyond the lifespan of the data they describe.

7. Specificity and Verifiability: Data citations should facilitate identification of, access to, and verification of the specific data that support a claim. Citations or citation metadata should include information about provenance and fixity sufficient to facilitate verifying that the specific timeslice, version and/or granular portion of data retrieved subsequently is the same as was originally cited.

8. Interoperability and Flexibility: Data citation methods should be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the variant practices among communities, but should not differ so much that they compromise interoperability of data citation practices across communities.

Note: Reproduced (including references therein) from M. Martone, Ed. “Data Citation Synthesis Group: Joint

Declaration of Data Citation Principles.” San Diego, CA, USA: FORCE11, 2014. [Online]. Available:

https://www.force11.org/group/joint-declaration-data-citation-principles-final

When providing reference details as much information as available should be provided (italics denote that metadata

would benefit from the details, although it is not required for reference listing):

• Published mixed data/software package: author(s), name, unique identifier, location/repository, release date, license, description, keywords.

The essential components of a citation to a dataset are the following: Author names of each individual or organizational entity responsible for the creation of the dataset; the date published or disseminated [year and full date (if available)]; the complete title of the dataset, including the edition or version number, if applicable; publisher and/or distributor; and electronic location or identifier (URL or DOI if applicable). Append the date retrieved if the title and locator are not specific to the exact instance of the data you used. 

Basic Format:

• Author, Date, Year. “Title of Dataset,” distributed by Publisher/Distributor, http://url.com (or if DOI is used, end with a period)

Example:

• S. Ansolabehere, M. Palmer, and A. Lee, January 20, 2014, “Precinct-Level Election Data. V1,” distributed by Harvard Election Data Archive, http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/21919 UNF:5:5C9UfGjdLy2ONVPtgr45qA==

Online Dataset Reference Using a DOI

Basic Format:

• Author, Date, “Title of Dataset,” Source, doi: xxx. 

Example:

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, “Treatment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.

Online Dataset Reference Using a DOI Resolver

Basic Format:

• Author, Date, “Title of Dataset,” Source, doi: URL. 

Example:

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, “Treatment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.

Online Dataset Reference Using a Website Address

Basic Format:

• Author, Date, “Title of Dataset,” Source. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com 

Example:

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, “Treatment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. [Online]. Available: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/SAMHDA/studies/30122/version/

Handbooks 

Basic Format:

• Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, year, pp. xxx-xxx. 

Examples:

• Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA,1985, pp. 44–60.

• Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA,1989.

• RCA Receiving Tube Manual, Radio Corp. of America, Electronic Components and Devices, Harrison, NJ, Tech. Ser. RC-23, 1992.

Basic Format:

Examples:

• J. Barney. (2011). Documenting literature [PowerPoint slides]. Available: http://moodle.cotr/english/gill

• Z. Yardish. Tumbling past data [Online]. Available: http://www.statistics.cotr.ca/classes/statistics/Yardish/ index.html

Basic Format:

• University name. (year). Title of lecture. [Type of Medium]. Available: URL

Example:

• Argosy University Online. (2012). Information literacy and communication: Module 2 filing and organization. [Online]. Available: http://www.myeclassonline.com

Legal citations

U.S. Supreme Court Decisions

• Olmstead v. United States, U.S. Reports, vol. 277, 1928, p. 438.

• Olmstead v. United States, U.S. Reports, vol. 277, 1928, p. 478 (Justice Brandeis, dissenting).

Lower-Court Decisions

• U.S. v. Councilman, Federal Supplement, 2nd Series, vol. 245, 2003, p. 321 (U.S. District Court for the District of Mass.).

• U.S. v. Councilman, Federal Reporter, 3rd Series, vol. 373, 2004, p. 204 (U.S. Court of Appeals

for the First Circuit).

U.S. Laws

• U.S. Code, Title 18, section 3123(a)(1),(2), 2000 and 2002 Supplement.

• Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism, Public Law No. 107-56, section 209, U.S. Statutes at Large, vol. 115, 2001, p. 285.

• Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Public Law No. 90-351, sections 801– 804, U.S. Statutes at Large, vol. 82, pp. 211–223 (codified as amended in US Code, Title 18, sections 2510–2522, 2000 and 2002 Supplement).

Manuals

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author (or Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co. Abbrev. State, Country). Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed. (year). Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Examples:

• L. Breimann. Manual on Setting Up, Using, and Understanding Random Forests v4.0. (2003). Accessed: Apr. 16, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://oz.berkeley.edu/users/breiman/Using_random_forests_v4.0.pdf

• M. Kuhn. The Caret Package. (2012). [Online]. Available: http://cranr-project.org/web/packages/ caret/caret.pdf

• Antcom, Torrance, CA, USA. Antenna Products. (2011). Accessed: Feb. 12, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.antcom.com/documents/catalogs /L1L2GPSAntennas.pdf

Basic Format:

• Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:

• Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA,1985, pp. 44–60.

• Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA,1989.

• RCA Receiving Tube Manual, Radio Corp. of America, Electronic Components and Devices, Harrison, NJ, USA, Tech. Ser. RC23, 1992.

• Microsoft Office 97 Visual Basic Programmer’s Guide, Microsoft Professional Editions Series, Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA, 1997.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author (or Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co. Abbrev. State, Country). Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed. (year). Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Examples:

• L. Breimann. Manual on Setting Up, Using, and Understanding Random Forests v4.0. (2003). Accessed: Apr. 16, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://oz.berkeley.edu/users/breiman/Using_random_forests_v4.0.pdf

• M. Kuhn. The Caret Package. (2012). [Online]. Available: http://cranr-project.org/web/packages/caret/caret.pdf

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of the article,” Title of the News Source, Month, Day, Year.

Examples:

• J. Markoff, “Software is smart enough for SAT, but still far from intelligent,” Buffalo News, Sep. 21, 2015.

• T. Johnson, “China sets goal of surpassing U.S. on artificial intelligence,” Sacramento Bee, Feb. 25, 2018. 

News Article (Online)

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of the article,” Title of the News Source, Month, Day, Year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Examples:

• A. Clark, “A new AI tool creates hyperrealistic photos. Can you tell the difference?” CBS News, Aug. 30, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/can-you-tell-real-image-from-ai-flux/

• W. Knight, “The most capable open source AI model yet could supercharge AI agents,” Wired, Sep. 25, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.wired.com/story/molmo-open-source-multimodal-ai-model-allen-institute-agents/

Online Video (e.g., YouTube)

Basic Format:

• Video Owner/Creator, Location (if available). Title of Video: In Initial Caps. (Release date). Accessed: Month Day, Year. [Online Video]. Available: http://URL.onlinevideo.org

Examples:

• mtaOnline1, Fazi Mosque, U.K. An Occasionally Accurate History of Australia: Part I. (Oct. 23, 2006). Accessed: Oct. 6, 2010. [Online Video]. Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJjNsCVHc34

• Doane Academy, Burlington, NJ, USA. Second Grade Bossy R. (Feb. 28, 2013). Accessed: Jun. 3, 2018. [Online Video]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUKHo1Y-BcM

Patent 

Retain or request the day of the month when referencing a patent.

NOTE: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

• J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” Country Patent xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

Examples:

• J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.

• T. Mei and T. Yang, “Circuit and method for average–current regulation of light-emitting diodes,” U.S. Patent 7 898 187 B1, 2011, Mar. 1, 2012.

• W. W. Black and A. Clavin, “Dipole augmented slot radiating element,” U.S. Patent 3594806, Jul. 1971.

• S. P. Voinigescu et al., Direct m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) operating in saturated power mode,” U.S. Patent Appl. 20110013726A1, Jan. 20, 2011.

Patent Online

Basic Format:

• Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Examples:

• Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L. M. R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN

• Screwless clip mounted computer drive, by D. Williams. (2005, Apr. 26). U.S. Patent 6,885,550 [Online]. Available: http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/6,885,550

Reports 

The general form for citing technical reports is to place the name and location of the company or institution after the author and title and to give the report number and date at the end of the reference.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year. 

Examples:

• E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the Earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA,Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.

• J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,” Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov. 15, 1987.

• R. E. Haskell and C. T. Case, “Transient signal propagation in lossless isotropic plasmas,” USAF Cambridge Res. Labs., Cambridge, MA, USA, Rep. ARCRL-66-234 (II), 1994, vol. 2.

• M. A. Brusberg and E. N. Clark, “Installation, operation, and data evaluation of an oblique-incidence ionosphere sounder system,” in “Radio Propagation Characteristics of the Washington-Honolulu Path,” Stanford Res. Inst., Stanford, CA, USA, Contract NOBSR-87615, Final Rep., Feb. 1995, vol. 1.

• P. Diament, S. L. Richert, and W. L. Lupatkin, “V-line surface-wave radiation and scanning,” Dept. Elect. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA, Sci. Rep. 85, Aug. 1991. 

Report Online

Ensure a year is included and add the URL to the end of the reference.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Company, City, State, Country, Rep. no., (optional: vol./issue), Date. Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: site/path/file

Examples:

• R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster

• “Teralyzer,” Lytera UG, Kirchhain, Germany. Accessed: Jun. 5, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.lytera.de/Terahertz_THz_Spectroscopy.php?id=home

• F. Zhao, “Smartphone solutions white paper,” Shenzhen, China, Huawei, White Paper, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/download/HW_193034

• Bureau of Meteorology, “Bureau of Meteorology: Measuring Rainfall in Australia,” 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/definitionsrain.shtml#meanrainfall

• GeoBasisNRW. “ATKIS—Digitale Topographische Karte 1:25.000 (DTK25),” Bezirksregierung Köln, Cologne, Germany, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de/brkinternet/presse/publikationen/geobasis/fal.pdf

• K. Kagaku, "Multipurpose chest phantom: Lungman.” Accessed: Apr. 17, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.kyotokagaku.com/products/detail03/pdf/ph-1_catalog.pdf

• “Apple iPhone,” Apple Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA. Accessed: Feb. 25, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://apple.com/iphone/

• S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, “Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloy-based multilayer nanopillars,” 2003. [Online]. Available: http://cond-mat/0303149

Software

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author. Title of Software. Date Repository or Archive. (version or year). Publisher Name. Accessed: Date (when applicable). [Type of Medium]. Global Persistent Identifier. Available: site/path/file

Examples:

• Antenna Products. (2011). Antcom. Accessed: January 11, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.antcom.com/products

• D. W. Arning et al. Mixed Mode–Mixed Level Circuit Simulator. (2011). Ngspice. Accessed: Jan. 11, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://ngspice.sourceforge.net

• MSDN Library Visual Studio 6.0. (2001). Microsoft.

Standards 

Basic Format:

• Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.

• Title of Standard, Standard number, date. 

Examples:

• Parameter Values for Ultra-High Definition Television Systems for Switzerland, Production and International Programme Exchange, Rec. ITU-R BT.2020-2, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, Oct. 2015.

• IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.

• Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968. 

Basic Format:

• Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

• Title of Standard, Standard number, date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Example:

• Frequency Response and Bias, NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-0.1b, May 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.nerc.com/files/BAL-003-0_1b.pdf

Theses and Dissertations 

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

• J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year. 

Examples:

• J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.

• N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

• N. M. Amer, “The effects of homogeneous magnetic fields on developments of tribolium confusum,” Ph.D. dissertation, Radiation Lab., Univ. California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. 16854, 1995. *** The state abbreviation is omitted if the name of the university includes the state name, i.e., “Univ. California, Berkeley.”***

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, Country, year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

• J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, Country, year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

• J. K. Author, “Title of theis,” Ph.D. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, Country, year. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

Examples:

• F. Jensen, “Electromagnetic near-field far-field correlations,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Tech. Univ. Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 1970. [Online]. Available: www.tud.ed/jensen/diss

• H. Bordaouin, “ Unmanned aerial vehicles in flight simulations,”Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Aerospace Eng., Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ, USA, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://its.not-a-real-thesis.pdf

• D. Schwartz, “Development of a computationally efficient full human body finite element model,” M.S. thesis, Virginia Tech – Wake Forest Univ. School of Biomed. Eng. Sci., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/bitstream/handle/10339/57119/Schwartz_wfu_0248M_10697.pdf

Note: Defer to the use of “thesis” and “dissertation” as provided by the authors; these are different depending on the degree and the academic institution and should not be changed based on degree level.

R. U.S. Government Documents 

Basic Format:

• Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month day). Number of bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file 

Example:

• U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS 

Government Online

Basic Format:

• Legislative body. Number of Congress, Session. (year, month day). Number of bill or resolution, Title. [Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Example:

• U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online]. Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS

Unpublished

The two most common types of unpublished references are private communications and papers still in preparation.

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.

Examples:

• A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.

• B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.

• A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

Preprint arXiv

Basic Format:

• J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” year, arXiv number.

Examples:

• S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, “Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloy-based multilayer nanopillars,” 2003, arXiv:0303149.

Websites

The most basic entry for a website consists of the author name(s), page title, website title, web address, and date accessed:

First Name Initial(s) Last Name. “Page Title.” Website Title. Date Accessed. [Online]. Available: Web Address.

J. Smith. “Obama inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. Accessed: Feb. 1, 2009. [Online.] Available: http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/ index.html

The first author’s name should be first initial(s) and then the last name and a period. Titles and affiliations associated with the author should be omitted. Do not use commas to precede a suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr., after the author’s given name.

For a page with two or more authors, list them in the order as they appear on the website. Separate author names by a comma.

J. Smith and J. Doe. “Obama inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. Accessed: Feb. 1, 2009. [Online.] Available: http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/ obama_inaugurated/index.html

Next, place the title of the online article or the title of the webpage itself. Then, the text “Accessed:” and the date on which you accessed the website (written in the format of “month day, year”). The text “[Online.] Available:” is then inserted with the complete URL after the colon.

For social media websites, please use the following style.

P. Costanzo, “Clemson orange uniforms are messing with the color on my TV. And apparently messing with the ND offense, too.” Twitter. Accessed Apr. 19, 2021. [Online.] Available: https://twitter.com/PaulCostanzo/status/

817826295707041793

Query the author for the website title if not provided. (For informal websites (such as home page or fan websites) or websites without formal titles, descriptive phrases may be used in place of page or website titles.)

Libros

Artículo de revista

Documento de sitio web

Capítulo de libro

Trabajo de grado inédito o publicado 

Video

Ponencia o conferencia presentada para un congreso, simposio, encuentro